The United States has filed five formal challenges with the World Trade Organization concerning tariffs on U.S. goods inflicted by several countries in the wake of the U.S. Commerce Department’s Section 232 decision to impose import duties on foreign steel and aluminum.

On Monday, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative issued a statement announcing its intentions to pursue cases against China, the EU, Canada, Mexico and Turkey. The office claims that the retaliatory tariffs imposed by these countries are “completely without justification under international rules,” according to the statement.

“The United States will take all necessary actions to protect our interests, and we urge our trading partners to work constructively with us on the problems created by massive and persistent excess capacity in the steel and aluminum sectors,” said U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer.

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